Fire Tip Sheets

FIRE Tip Sheets convey expert guidance to help media outlets and freelance reporters arrange viable contracts for public-interest investigations.  An annotated list of the complete FIRE Tip Sheets appears here.


The Basics

Getting it in writing

Contracts are an essential part of freelance journalism and their legalese can sometimes seem indecipherable. These FIRE Tip Sheets can clarify a few key things. But first, a few quick tips for reporters:  

  1. Try not to report without a contract — especially for investigative work. And definitely don’t allow your work to be broadcast or published without one.  

  1. Understand every word before you sign a contract, because it affects everything from copyright terms and how you get paid, to your legal exposure; to any recourse if needed 

  1. Always have outlets protect you from potential legal liabilities in the event of a libel suit or subpoena. Period. The Tip Sheets will show why and how  

  1. It’s OK to ask questions about what certain terms mean. 

  1. Contracts are negotiable! Even if it doesn’t seem so at first, you may have far more leeway than you realize  

The rest is negotiation: 

  • Mindset is everything: Don’t apologize for comporting yourself as a professional by being a savvy negotiator.  

  • Your editor is on your side. Don’t always assume your editor knows their own contract—or its implications for you. But do always assume their best intentions. They are your liaison to the company: if they want the story, they’ll advocate for you. 

  • It’s your right to walk away. If you’re not comfortable with a contract, there’s a big media landscape out there 

More on negotiation here. See also FIRE's pro bono Contract Template, and for customized assistance, Legal Consultancy.


About the FIRE Tip Sheets

FIRE Tip Sheets highlight some of the key questions raised at a 2021 FIRE panel on freelancer liability. Future guides will address intellectual property, pay rates, and other key issues for freelancers. An annotated list of the complete FIRE Tip Sheets appears here

FIRE Tip Sheets are made available for educational and informational purposes only: They are not legal advice. FIRE makes no representation or warranty for any particular fitness of purpose and is not responsible for the effect of any reliance upon FIRE Tip Sheets or other information provided by FIRE. 

Primary sources:

FIRE Tip Sheets are meant to open a dialogue in the public interest. To help us improve them, please email info@firenewsroom.org, subject line "Tip Sheet feedback." To query or clarify any element of Tip Sheet for use in freelance investigative reporting, please follow instructions at Legal Consultancy.


FIRE Tip Sheets are made possible by support from Craig Newmark Philanthropies.

© Freelance Investigative Reporters and Editors, 2022